摘要:近年来,一些显示胃上皮分化的良恶性宫颈腺体病变陆续被报道,但对胃型癌前病变的特征尚未很好认识。我们报道一组共9例罕见的原位宫颈腺癌(adenocarcinoma in situ,AIS),其特征为胃上皮分化、有时为肠上皮分化,且与人乳头状瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)感染无关。病变发生于 25~73岁女性(平均年龄51岁)。所有病例均位于(或紧邻)宫颈移行带,3例累及子宫下段,其中2例侵犯子宫内膜。在所有病例中,正常宫颈腺体的结构基本保留,但在5例中,腺管内结构的复杂性轻度增加。腺上皮可以完全呈胃型(4例),也可以是胃肠混合型(5例),伴有不同比例的杯状细胞。与正常宫颈腺体细胞浆嗜碱性不同,胃型上皮细胞的细胞浆通常呈嗜酸性或淡粉色,一些病例中,细胞浆也可呈透明或显著的泡沫样。所有病例中都存在细胞核的异型性,但在8例中均为低级别。仅有1例存在高级别特征,即显著的细胞核多形性和染色质深染。可见核分裂象和凋亡小体,但较普通型(HPV相关)AIS低。免疫组化检测显示CK7(全部7例)和MUC6(8例中的7例)多为阳性,CK20(7例中有3例)、CDX2(9例中有5例)、PAX8(9例中有5例)和 CEA(6例中有2例)部分病例阳性。雌激素受体和孕激素受体常为阴性,虽然9例中有3例雌激素受体阳性。所有病例中p16阴性或呈斑驳阳性,9例中有2例呈突变型p53染色。4例进行HPV分子检测,结果均为阴性。我们认为,这种少见的AIS亚型【我们称之为“胃型AIS(gastric-type AIS, gAIS)”】是宫颈胃型腺癌的前驱病变。GAIS和所谓的“非典型叶状宫颈腺体增生”是相关联的病变,同属于胃型癌前病变的范畴,为此我们提出gAIS作为总称。目前尚不清楚gAIS的恶性潜能和最佳治疗方法,但在本组病例中,有1例在切除含有gAIS的宫颈息肉后6年进展为胃型腺癌。HPV 疫苗的引入将导致宫颈腺体病变中伴有胃型分化的癌前病变及恶性病变的比例相对增加,而基于HPV的筛查项目无法检测到这些病变。
关键词:宫颈,原位腺癌,胃型免疫组化,人乳头瘤病毒
来源:Am J Surg Pathol 2017;41:1023–1033
美国外科病理学杂志中文版2018年第一期全文No.2
(肖遥星 翻译 杨文涛 审校)
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