透明细胞癌(clear cell carcinoma, CCC)是一种低级别恶性肿瘤,通常发生于口咽部和其他部位的小涎腺。EWSR1-ATF1基因融合似乎是这种涎腺肿瘤的特异性改变。EWSR1-ATF1的检测拓展了CCC瘤谱。一个重要的例子是,很多CCC以鳞状上皮亚型为主,只伴以少数透明细胞,这可能会导致与鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma, SqCC)混淆。评估人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)的p16免疫组织化学染色方法已经成为检测口咽部肿瘤鳞状上皮分化的常规检测手段。本研究的目的是评估该项检测手段是否有助于CCC和p16阳性SqCC的鉴别。我们从外科病理档案中检索CCC病例。所有病例都使用p16免疫组织化学染色、高风险HPV RNA原位杂交(in situ hybridization, ISH)及EWSR1基因断裂荧光ISH进行评估。共鉴定出16例CCC。所有病例均检出EWSR1基因重排,其中11例患者为女性,5例患者为男性。患者的年龄范围为30-85岁(平均年龄,58岁)。这些CCC发生于口咽部(舌根或扁桃体)<n=8,50%)、口腔(n=4,25%)和鼻咽部(n=4,25%)。每例病例均含有透明细胞,但透明细胞所占比例差异很大(10%-90%,平均48%),16例中有7例透明细胞比例<50%。所提交的诊断中还包括SqCC(n=3)和黏液表皮样癌(n=2)。在3例被诊断为SqCC患者中,1例计划进行放化疗,1例已经完成了放化疗。16例CCC均显示p16染色,p16阳性细胞比例范围为≧70%(n=2)、50%-69%(n=3)和10%-49%(n=11)。染色部位为胞浆和细胞核。通过RNA ISH检测,所有病例的高危型HPV均为阴性。CCC通常显示鳞状上皮特征时,经常缺乏明显的透明细胞改变,好发于口咽部,且均显示p16染色。这些特征可能会引起CCC与SqCC,特别是HPV相关性口咽部SqCC的混淆。即使是对于那些显示鳞状上皮分化并且起源于口咽部的肿瘤,p16染色并不被认为是口咽部SqCC的确定性证据。如果没有认清这一陷阱,可能会对低级别恶性肿瘤做出过于激进的治疗。
Am J Surg Pathol 2018;42:367-371
美国外科病理学杂志中文版2018年第三期摘要No.2
沈光月 翻译 纪元 审校
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