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子宫血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤(perivascular epithelioid cell tumors,PEComa)是一种罕见肿瘤,其与子宫平滑肌肿瘤在形态学和免疫表型具有一定重叠性。本研究中,我们评估了32例患者的形态学、免疫组织化学表型和分子特征,包括11例具有侵袭性生物学行为的患者。子宫PEComa显示2种不同的形态学:即经典型(n = 30)和具有淋巴管肌瘤病形态特征型(n = 2)。经典型患者年龄范围为32~77岁(平均51岁),13%伴有结节性硬化。肿瘤大小为0.2~17cm(平均5.5cm),77%发生在宫体,100%的病例可见上皮样细胞,37%的病例可见梭形细胞。轻度核异型性(53%)、中度(17%)和高度(30%)。核分裂象0~36(平均:6)个/10高倍视野(high-power fields,HPF),0~133(平均:19)个/50HPF,30%的病例出现非典型核分裂像。100%的病例可见纤细的血管,93%的病例可见透明/嗜酸性和颗粒状胞质,73%的病例可见间质玻璃样变性,30%的病例出现坏死以及10%的病例可见淋巴血管浸润。所有肿瘤均表达HMB-45、组织蛋白酶K和至少一种肌源性标记物,绝大多数表达melan-A(77%)和/或MiTP(79%)。1例显示PSF-TFE3基因融合,另1例显示RAD51B-OPHN1基因融合。随访2-175个月(平均41个月)后,63%的患者存活且状态良好, 20%死于该疾病,13%的患者带瘤生存,3%的患者死于其他病因。具有淋巴管肌瘤病形态特征(n = 2)的患者年龄分别为39岁和49岁,一例伴有结节性硬化,另一例伴有肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤病。2例患者的肿瘤细胞均表达HMB-45、组织蛋白酶K和肌源性标志物,但缺乏TFE3和RAD51B重排。目前2例患者均存活且状态良好。应用妇科病理诊断标准(≥4个特征诊断为恶性PEComa:大小≥5cm、高度异型性、核分裂像> 1/50HPF、坏死和淋巴血管浸润)预测预后,36%(4/11)的侵袭性肿瘤被误诊为非侵袭性肿瘤;因此推荐修正的诊断标准为具有以上特征中3个特征即可诊断为恶性PEComa。
Am J Surg Pathol 2018;42:1370-1383
美国外科病理学杂志中文版2019年第二期摘要No.2
桑伟 翻译 张巍 审校
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