--本文经《美国外科病理学杂志》授权发布，其他媒体转载或引用须经《美国外科病理学杂志》同意，否则追究法律责任。
　　类似卵巢性索肿瘤的子宫肿瘤（uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor，UTROSCT）是一种罕见且独特的肿瘤，其组织起源不明，具有不确定的恶性潜能。这些肿瘤在形态学上类似于卵巢的性索间质肿瘤，并拥有多种免疫表型。其分子发病机制仍尚未阐明；然而值得注意的是，该肿瘤缺乏其他具有性索样分化的子宫肿瘤（如子宫内膜间质肉瘤）发生的改变。在通过RNA测序证实1位携带ESR1-NCOA3融合基因的特定患者后，我们对其他UTROSCT病例进行了回顾性研究。我们共确定4例患者，平均年龄为53岁（范围，38~68岁）。对所有病例进行RNA测序，发现2例携带ESR1-NCOA3融合，携带ESR1-NCOA2融合和GREB1-NCOA2融合各1例。每例肿瘤呈现的组织学和免疫表型特征都符合既往报道的UTROSCT范畴；有趣的是，其中1例含有显著的梭形细胞束，另1例主要由片状的小圆细胞组成。我们的研究结果表明，UTROSCT可以通过含有NCOA2或NCOA3的复现性融合来界定，这一发现可直接用于诊断评估。本研究证实，UTROSCT在遗传学上不同于子宫内膜间质肉瘤，同时为这些肿瘤的发病机制以及与其他具有NCOA融合子宫肿瘤的可能关系提出了令人感兴趣的新问题。 　　The American Journal of Surgical Pathology中文版声明：
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